A1 Refereed original research article in a scientific journal
The double deficit hypothesis in the transparent Finnish orthography: a longitudinal study from kindergarten to Grade 2
Authors: Torppa M, Parrila R, Niemi P, Lerkkanen MK, Poikkeus AM, Nurmi JE
Publisher: SPRINGER
Publication year: 2013
Journal: Reading and Writing
Journal name in source: READING AND WRITING
Journal acronym: READ WRIT
Number in series: 8
Volume: 26
Issue: 8
First page : 1353
Last page: 1380
Number of pages: 28
ISSN: 0922-4777
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-012-9423-2(external)
Abstract
We examined the double deficit hypothesis (Wolf & Bowers, 1999) and literacy development in a longitudinal dataset of 1,006 Finnish children who were nonreaders at school entry. A single phonological awareness (PA) deficit was a predictor of pseudoword spelling accuracy and reading fluency, and a single rapid automatized naming (RAN) deficit was a predictor of reading fluency. The group with both PA and RAN deficits experienced the most extensive reading and spelling difficulties. However, all groups included both poor and average Grade 2 readers and spellers. Poor letter knowledge and vocabulary, task avoidance, attention difficulties, hyperactivity, and lack of teaching at home were additional risk factors for reading and spelling problems, but their impact varied depending on the presence of PA and RAN deficits.
We examined the double deficit hypothesis (Wolf & Bowers, 1999) and literacy development in a longitudinal dataset of 1,006 Finnish children who were nonreaders at school entry. A single phonological awareness (PA) deficit was a predictor of pseudoword spelling accuracy and reading fluency, and a single rapid automatized naming (RAN) deficit was a predictor of reading fluency. The group with both PA and RAN deficits experienced the most extensive reading and spelling difficulties. However, all groups included both poor and average Grade 2 readers and spellers. Poor letter knowledge and vocabulary, task avoidance, attention difficulties, hyperactivity, and lack of teaching at home were additional risk factors for reading and spelling problems, but their impact varied depending on the presence of PA and RAN deficits.
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