A1 Refereed original research article in a scientific journal

Wearable edge machine learning with synthetic photoplethysmograms




AuthorsSirkiä Jukka-Pekka, Panula Tuukka, Kaisti Matti

PublisherElsevier Ltd

Publication year2024

JournalExpert Systems with Applications

Journal name in sourceExpert Systems with Applications

Article number121523

Volume238

IssuePart B

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2023.121523

Web address https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2023.121523

Self-archived copy’s web addresshttps://research.utu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/181473223


Abstract

Strict privacy regulations pose challenges to the development of machine learning (ML) in the field of health technology where data is particularly sensitive. Gathering and using robust, bias-free, and suitably anonymized datasets required by ML models is difficult, time-consuming, and thus expensive. Parametric synthetic data offers a solution by mimicking real-world processes with easily adjustable parameters that shape the information content of the data as desired. This article presents a system demonstrating how synthetic data can be used in conjunction with wearable edge devices. Importantly, the system preserves privacy as there is no risk of leaking sensitive information from the model or during the use of the wearable device. The system consists of (1) a synthetic photoplethysmogram (PPG) model, (2) convolutional neural network (CNN) models trained with the synthetic signals, (3) a wearable edge device that computes heart rate from real-time PPG signals using the developed CNN models, and (4) an accompanying mobile phone application receiving the results. The synthetic model produces realistic PPG signals together with labels that can be used in CNN model training. The quality of the synthetic data is sufficient to train even a tiny CNN model with only two convolutional layers and 28 parameters to detect PPG waveform feet. The developed wearable device is able to run the model smoothly and the performance of the model is on par with the more complex models and other foot detection algorithms.


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Last updated on 2024-26-11 at 23:30