This chapter describes observed historical and projected future impacts of climate change on the coastal and terrestrial ecosystems of the Baltic Sea basin. Because terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems interact, this chapter gives particular emphasis to the coastal zone as a contact area for terrestrial, marine and atmospheric processes. Archipelagos and post-glacial land uplift are particular features of the Baltic Sea basin and so receive special consideration. This chapter comprises three main sections. The first describes coastal zone and archipelago ecosystems in the Baltic Sea region and evaluates the potential impacts of climate change. The second examines a case study for the effect of current and future climate change on coastal bird populations and communities. The third evaluates the effects of current and future climate change on forests and natural plant communities in the Baltic Sea basin and the ways in which terrestrial ecosystems may interact with aquatic ecosystems. Climate-related changes in carbon storage are also discussed.