A1 Refereed original research article in a scientific journal
High-Resolution Spectral and Anisotropy Characteristics of Solar Protons During the GLE N(circle)73 on 28 October 2021 Derived with Neutron-Monitor Data Analysis
Authors: Mishev Alexander L, Kocharov Leon G, Koldobskiy Sergey A, Larsen Nicholas, Riihonen Esa, Vainio Rami, Usoskin Ilya G
Publisher: SPRINGER
Publication year: 2022
Journal: Solar Physics
Journal name in source: SOLAR PHYSICS
Journal acronym: SOL PHYS
Article number: 88
Volume: 297
Issue: 7
Number of pages: 23
ISSN: 0038-0938
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-022-02026-0
Web address : https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11207-022-02026-0
Self-archived copy’s web address: https://research.utu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/175917408
The first ground-level enhancement of the current Solar Cycle 25 occurred on 28 October 2021. It was observed by several space-borne and ground-based instruments, specifically neutron monitors. A moderate count-rate increase over the background was observed by high-altitude polar stations on the South Pole and Dome C stations at the Antarctic plateau. Most of the neutron monitors registered only marginal count-rate increases. Using detrended records and employing a method verified by direct space-borne measurements, we derive the rigidity spectra and angular distributions of the incoming solar protons in the vicinity of Earth. For the analysis, we employed a newly computed and parameterized neutron-monitor yield function. The rigidity spectra and anisotropy of solar protons were obtained in their time evolution throughout the event. A comparison with the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory/Energetic and Relativistic Nuclei and Electron (SOHO/ENRE) experiment data is also performed. We briefly discuss the results derived from our analysis.
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