Refereed journal article or data article (A1)
Physical Restraint Events in Psychiatric Hospitals in Hong Kong: A Cohort Register Study
List of Authors: Välimäki Maritta, Lam Yuen Ting Joyce, Hipp Kirsi, Cheng Po Yee Ivy, Ng Tony, Ip Glendy, Lee Paul, Cheung Teris, Bressington Daniel, Lantta Tella
Publisher: MDPI
Publication year: 2022
Journal: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Journal name in source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
Journal acronym: INT J ENV RES PUB HE
Article number: 6032
Volume number: 19
Issue number: 10
Number of pages: 14
eISSN: 1660-4601
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19106032
URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/10/6032
Self-archived copy’s web address: https://research.utu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/175879195
The need to better monitor coercion practices in psychiatric hospitals has been recognised. We aim to describe how physical restraint events occur in psychiatric hospitals and identify factors associated with physical-restraint use. A cohort register study was used. We analyzed physical restraint documents among 14 wards in two psychiatric hospitals in Hong Kong (1 July and 31 Dec. 2018). In total, 1798 incidents occurred (the rate of physical restraint event 0.43). Typically, physically restrained patients were in early middle-age, of both genders, diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum and other psychotic disorders, and admitted voluntarily. Alternate methods for physical restraint were reported, such as an explanation of the situation to the patients, time-out or sedation. A longer period of being physically restrained was associated with being male, aged >= 40 years, having involuntary status, and neurodevelopmental-disorder diagnosis. Our findings support a call for greater action to promote the best practices in managing patient aggression and decreasing the use of physical restraint in psychiatric wards. The reasons for the use of physical restraint, especially for those patients who are admitted to a psychiatric hospital on a voluntary basis and are diagnosed with neurodevelopmental disorders, needs to be better understood and analysed.
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