The early identification and localization of inflammation and infection is crucial for patient care, and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging provides a sensitive and quantitative tool for diagnosing and monitoring treatment efficacy. However, radiopharmaceuticals with better specificity than the currently used glucose analog, 2-Deoxy-2-[¹⁸F]fluoro-2-d-glucose ([¹⁸F]FDG), are needed to assess inflammation. The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of the new PET radiopharmaceuticals available for imaging of inflammatory diseases. This review presents the current status of inflammatory radiopharmaceutical development with emphasis on studies in humans. The chapter describes, inter alia, tracers targeting macrophage receptors (e.g., folate receptor beta, 18 kDa translocator protein [TSPO]), adhesion molecules (e.g., VCAM-1, VAP-1), and phospholipid metabolism.