This chapter addresses the question of “inner lives” and human interiority as it has been approached and discussed in the human sciences, mainly not only by historians, but also including writers oriented toward philosophical and literary analysis. The main focus is on Charles Taylor’s ground-breaking Sources of the Self: The Making of the Modern Identity (1989) and Carolyn Steedman’s Strange Dislocation: Childhood and the Idea of Human Interiority 1780–1920 (1995). Progressing both thematically and chronologically, the chapter also discusses histories of sensibility, the rise of novel, the culture of melancholy, (late) modern reflective selfhood, and autobiographical practices in relation to human interiority. The chapter thus aims to map the key authors discussing “inner lives” in western culture from the perspective of cultural history.