A1 Refereed original research article in a scientific journal
Weight Loss Is Associated With Increased NAD(+)/SIRT1 Expression But Reduced PARP Activity in White Adipose Tissue
Authors: Rappou E, Jukarainen S, Rinnankoski-Tuikka R, Kaye S, Heinonen S, Hakkarainen A, Lundbom J, Lundbom N, Saunavaara V, Rissanen A, Virtanen KA, Pirinen E, Pietilainen KH
Publisher: ENDOCRINE SOC
Publication year: 2016
Journal: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
Journal name in source: JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
Journal acronym: J CLIN ENDOCR METAB
Volume: 101
Issue: 3
First page : 1263
Last page: 1273
Number of pages: 11
ISSN: 0021-972X
eISSN: 1945-7197
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2015-3054
Abstract
Context: Sirtuins (SIRTs) and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) are 2 important nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)(+)-dependent enzyme families with opposing metabolic effects. Energy shortage increases NAD(+) biosynthesis and SIRT activity but reduces PARP activity in animals. Effects of energy balance on these pathways in humans are unknown.Objective: We compared NAD(+)/SIRT pathway expressions and PARP activities in sc adipose tissue (SAT) between lean and obese subjects and investigated their change in the obese subjects during a 12-month weight loss.Design, Setting and Participants: SAT biopsies were obtained from 19 clinically healthy obese subjects (mean +/- SE body mass index, 34.6 +/- 2.7 kg/m(2)) during a weight-loss intervention (0, 5, and 12 mo) and from 19 lean reference subjects (body mass index, 22.7 +/- 1.1 kg/m(2)) at baseline.Main Outcome Measures: SAT mRNA expressions of SIRTs 1-7 and the rate-limiting gene in NAD(+) biosynthesis, nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) were measured by Affymetrix, and total PARP activity by ELISA kit.Results: SIRT1, SIRT3, SIRT7, and NAMPT expressions were significantly lower, whereas total PARP activity was increased in obese compared with lean subjects. SIRT1 and NAMPT expressions increased in obese subjects between 0 and 5 months, after a mean weight loss of 11.7%. In subjects who continued to lose weight between 5 and 12 months, SIRT1 expression increased progressively, whereas in subjects with weight regain, SIRT1 reverted to baseline levels. PARP activity significantly decreased in all subjects upon weight loss.Conclusions: Calorie restriction is an attractive strategy to improve the NAD(+)/SIRT pathway and decrease PARPs in SAT in human obesity.
Context: Sirtuins (SIRTs) and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) are 2 important nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)(+)-dependent enzyme families with opposing metabolic effects. Energy shortage increases NAD(+) biosynthesis and SIRT activity but reduces PARP activity in animals. Effects of energy balance on these pathways in humans are unknown.Objective: We compared NAD(+)/SIRT pathway expressions and PARP activities in sc adipose tissue (SAT) between lean and obese subjects and investigated their change in the obese subjects during a 12-month weight loss.Design, Setting and Participants: SAT biopsies were obtained from 19 clinically healthy obese subjects (mean +/- SE body mass index, 34.6 +/- 2.7 kg/m(2)) during a weight-loss intervention (0, 5, and 12 mo) and from 19 lean reference subjects (body mass index, 22.7 +/- 1.1 kg/m(2)) at baseline.Main Outcome Measures: SAT mRNA expressions of SIRTs 1-7 and the rate-limiting gene in NAD(+) biosynthesis, nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) were measured by Affymetrix, and total PARP activity by ELISA kit.Results: SIRT1, SIRT3, SIRT7, and NAMPT expressions were significantly lower, whereas total PARP activity was increased in obese compared with lean subjects. SIRT1 and NAMPT expressions increased in obese subjects between 0 and 5 months, after a mean weight loss of 11.7%. In subjects who continued to lose weight between 5 and 12 months, SIRT1 expression increased progressively, whereas in subjects with weight regain, SIRT1 reverted to baseline levels. PARP activity significantly decreased in all subjects upon weight loss.Conclusions: Calorie restriction is an attractive strategy to improve the NAD(+)/SIRT pathway and decrease PARPs in SAT in human obesity.
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