A1 Vertaisarvioitu alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä lehdessä
MULTIWAVELENGTH STUDY OF QUIESCENT STATES OF Mrk 421 WITH UNPRECEDENTED HARD X-RAY COVERAGE PROVIDED BY NuSTAR IN 2013
Tekijät: Balokovic M, Paneque D, Madejski G, Furniss A, Chiang J, Ajell M, Alexander DM, Barret D, Blandford RD, Boggs SE, Christensen FE, Craig WW, Forster K, Giommi P, Grefenstette B, Hailey C, Harrison FA, Hornstrup A, Kitaguchi T, Koglin JE, Madsen KK, Mao PH, Miyasaka H, Mori K, Perri M, Pivovaroff MJ, Puccetti S, Rana V, Stern D, Tagliaferri G, Urry CM, Estergaard NJW, Zhang WW, Zoglauer A, Archambault S, Archer A, Barnacka A, Benbow W, Bird R, Buckley JH, Bugaev V, Cerruti M, Chen X, Ciupik L, Connolly MP, Cui W, Dickinson HJ, Dumm J, Eisch JD, Falcone A, Feng Q, Finley JP, Fleischhack H, Fortson L, Griffin S, Griffiths ST, Grube J, Gyuk G, Huetten M, Hakansson N, Holder J, Humensky TB, Johnson CA, Kaaret P, Kertzman M, Khassen Y, Kieda D, Krause M, Krennrich F, Lang MJ, Maier G, McArthur S, Meagher K, Moriarty P, Nelson T, Nieto D, Ong RA, Park N, Poiil M, Popkow A, Pueschel E, Reynolds PT, Richards GT, Roache E, Santander M, Sembroski GH, Shahinyan K, Smith AW, Staszak D, Telezhinsky I, Todd NW, Tucci JV, Tyler J, Vincent S, Weinstein A, Wilhelm A, Williams DA, Zitzer B, Ahnen ML, Ansoldi S, Antonelli LA, Antoranz P, Babic A, Banerjee B, Bangale P, de Almeida UB, Barrio JA, Gonzalez JB, Bednarek W, Bernardini E, Biasuzzi B, Biland A, Blanch O, Bonnefoy S, Bonnoli G, Borracci F, Bretz T, Carmona E, Carosi A, Chatterjee A, Clavero R, Colin P, Colombo E, Contreras JL, Cortina J, Covino S, Da Vela P, Dazzi F, De Angelis A, De Lotto B, Wilhelmi ED, Mendez CD, Di Pierro E, Prester DD, Dorner D, Doro M, Einecke S, Elsaesser D, Fernandez-Barral A, Fidalgo D, Fonseca MV, Font L, Frantzen K, Fruck C, Galindo D, Lopez JG, Garczarczyk M, Terrats DG, Gaug M, Giammaria P, Glawion D, Gouinovic N, Munoz AG, Guberman D, Hahn A, Hanabata Y, Hayashida M, Herrera J, Hose J, Hrupec D, Hughes G, Idec W, Kodani K, Konno Y, Kubo H, Kushida J, La Barbera A, Lelas D, Lindfors E, Lombardi S, Longo F, Lopez M, Lopez-Coto R, Lopez-Oramas A, Lorenz E, Majumdar P, Makariev M, Mallot K, Maneva G, Manganaro M, Mannheim K, Maraschi L, Marcote B, Mariotti M, Martinez M, Mazin D, Menzel U, Miranda JM, Mirzoyan R, Moralejo A, Moretti E, Nakajima D, Neustroev V, Niedzwiecki A, Rosillo MN, Nilsson K, Nishijima K, Noda K, Orito R, Overkemping A, Paiano S, Palacio J, Palatiello M, Paoletti R, Paredes JM, Paredes-Fortuny X, Persic M, Poutanen J, Moroni PGP, Prandini E, Puljak I, Rhode W, Ribo M, Rico J, Garcia JR, Saito T, Satalecka K, Scapin V, Schultz C, Schweizer T, Shore SN, Sillanpaa A, Sitarek J, Snidaric I, Sobczynska D, Stamerra A, Steinbring T, Strzys M, Takalo L, Takami H, Tavecchio F, Temnikov P, Terzic T, Tescaro D, Teshima M, Thaele J, Torres DF, Toyama T, Treves A, Verguilov V, Vovk I, Ward JE, Will M, Wu MH, Zanin R, Perkins J, Verrecchia F, Leto C, Bottcher M, Villata M, Raiteri CM, Acosta-Pulido JA, Bachev R, Berdyugin A, Blinov DA, Carnerero MI, Chen WP, Chinchilla P, Damljanovic G, Eswaraiah C, Grisinna TS, Ibryamov S, Jordan B, Jorstad SG, Joshi M, Kopatskaya EN, Kurtanidze OM, Kurtanidze SO, Larionova EG, Larionova LV, Larionov VM, Latev G, Lin HC, Marscher AP, Mokrushina AA, Morozova DA, Nikolashvili MG, Semkov E, Smith PS, Strigachev A, Troitskaya YV, Troitsky IS, Vince O, Barnes J, Guver T, Moody JW, Sadun AC, Sun S, Hovatta T, Richards JL, Max-Moerbeck W, Readhead ACR, Lahteenmaki A, Tornikoski M, Tammi J, Ramakrishnan V, Reinthal R, Angelakis E, Fuhrmann L, Myserlis I, Karamanavis V, Sievers A, Ungerechts H, Zensus JA
Kustantaja: IOP PUBLISHING LTD
Julkaisuvuosi: 2016
Journal: Astrophysical Journal
Tietokannassa oleva lehden nimi: ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
Lehden akronyymi: ASTROPHYS J
Artikkelin numero: ARTN 156
Vuosikerta: 819
Numero: 2
Sivujen määrä: 30
ISSN: 0004-637X
eISSN: 1538-4357
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/819/2/156
We present coordinated multiwavelength observations of the bright, nearby BL Lacertae object Mrk 421 taken in 2013 January-March, involving GASP-WEBT, Swift, NuSTAR, Fermi-LAT, MAGIC, VERITAS, and other collaborations and instruments, providing data from radio to very high energy. (VHE).-ray bands. NuSTAR yielded previously unattainable sensitivity in the 3-79. keV range, revealing that the spectrum softens when the source is dimmer until the X-ray spectral shape saturates into a steep Gamma approximate to 3 power law, with no evidence for an exponential cutoff or additional hard components up to similar to 80. keV. For the first time, we observed both the synchrotron and the inverse-Compton peaks of the spectral energy distribution (SED) simultaneously shifted to frequencies below the typical quiescent state by an order of magnitude. The fractional variability as a function of photon energy shows a double-bump structure that relates to the two bumps of the broadband SED. In each bump, the variability increases with energy, which, in the framework of the synchrotron self-Compton model, implies that the electrons with higher energies are more variable. The measured multi band variability, the significant X-ray-to-VHE correlation down to some of the lowest fluxes ever observed in both bands, the lack of correlation between optical/UV and X-ray flux, the low degree of polarization and its significant (random) variations, the short estimated electron cooling time, and the significantly longer variability timescale observed in the NuSTAR light curves point toward in situ electron acceleration and suggest that there are multiple compact regions contributing to the broadband emission of Mrk 421 during low-activity states.
