A2 Refereed review article in a scientific journal

Bronchiolitis needs a revisit: Distinguishing between virus entities and their treatments




AuthorsTuomas Jartti. Hermelijn H. Smits, Klaus Bønnelykke, Ozlem Bircan, Varpu Elenius, Jon R. Konradsen, Paraskevi Maggina, Heidi Makrinioti, Jakob Stokholm, Gunilla Hedlin, Nikolaos Papadopoulos, Marek Ruszczynski, Klaudia Ryczaj, Bianca Schaub, Jürgen Schwarze, Chrysanthi Skevaki, Katarina Stenberg-Hammar, Wojciech Feleszko, EAACI Task Force on Clinical Practice Recommendations on Preschool Wheeze

PublisherBlackwell Publishing Ltd

Publication year2019

JournalAllergy

Journal name in sourceAllergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Volume74

Issue1

First page 40

Last page52

Number of pages13

ISSN0105-4538

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1111/all.13624

Self-archived copy’s web addresshttps://research.utu.fi/converis/portal/detail/Publication/37489119


Abstract

Current data indicate that the “bronchiolitis” diagnosis comprises more than one condition. Clinically, pathophysiologically, and even genetically three main clusters of patients can be identified among children suffering from severe bronchiolitis (or first wheezing episode): (a) respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-induced bronchiolitis, characterized by young age of the patient, mechanical obstruction of the airways due to mucus and cell debris, and increased risk of recurrent wheezing. For this illness, an effective prophylactic RSV-specific monoclonal antibody is available; (b) rhinovirus-induced wheezing, associated with atopic predisposition of the patient and high risk of subsequent asthma development, which may, however, be reversed with systemic corticosteroids in those with severe illness; and (c) wheeze due to other viruses, characteristically likely to be less frequent and severe. Clinically, it is important to distinguish between these partially overlapping patient groups as they are likely to respond to different treatments. It appears that the first episode of severe bronchiolitis in under 2-year-old children is a critical event and an important opportunity for designing secondary prevention strategies for asthma. As data have shown bronchiolitis cannot simply be diagnosed using a certain cutoff age, but instead, as we suggest, using the viral etiology as the differentiating factor.


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