Refereed journal article or data article (A1)
Early childhood CMV infection may decelerate the progression to clinical type 1 diabetes
List of Authors: Ilse Ekman, Tytti Vuorinen, Mikael Knip, Riitta Veijola, Jorma Toppari, Heikki Hyöty, Tuure Kinnunen, Jorma Ilonen, Johanna Lempainen
Publisher: Blackwell Munksgaard
Publication year: 2019
Journal: Pediatric Diabetes
Journal name in source: Pediatric diabetes
Journal acronym: Pediatr Diabetes
Volume number: 20
Issue number: 1
Start page: 73
End page: 77
Number of pages: 5
ISSN: 1399-543X
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pedi.12788
Abstract
Evidence of the role of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) has remained inconclusive. Our aim was to elucidate the possible role of CMV infection in the initiation of islet autoimmunity and in the progression to clinical T1D among children with HLA-conferred T1D risk.\nA total of 1402 children from the prospective Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) study were analyzed for CMV-specific IgG antibodies during early childhood. All children carried HLA-DQ genotypes associated with increased risk for T1D. The effect of CMV infection on the appearance of T1D-associated autoantibodies (IAA, GADA and IA-2A, n=356) and on the progression rate to clinical T1D (n=233) were analyzed with Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log-rank test.\nEarly childhood CMV infection was inversely associated with the development of T1D during childhood. Cumulative progression to T1D was decreased in subjects with an early CMV infection (p=0.035). In further analyses, the effect of early CMV infection on the initiation of islet autoimmunity and progression to clinical T1D were examined separately. Interestingly, early CMV infection did not affect the appearance of T1D-associated autoantibodies but a decelerating effect was observed on the progression rate from islet autoimmunity to clinical T1D (p=0.015).\nOur results suggest that an early childhood CMV infection may decelerate the progression from islet autoimmunity to clinical T1D among at-risk children and may thus protect these children from progressing to T1D during childhood. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.\nAIMS/HYPOTHESIS\nMETHODS\nRESULTS\nCONCLUSION
Evidence of the role of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) has remained inconclusive. Our aim was to elucidate the possible role of CMV infection in the initiation of islet autoimmunity and in the progression to clinical T1D among children with HLA-conferred T1D risk.\nA total of 1402 children from the prospective Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) study were analyzed for CMV-specific IgG antibodies during early childhood. All children carried HLA-DQ genotypes associated with increased risk for T1D. The effect of CMV infection on the appearance of T1D-associated autoantibodies (IAA, GADA and IA-2A, n=356) and on the progression rate to clinical T1D (n=233) were analyzed with Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log-rank test.\nEarly childhood CMV infection was inversely associated with the development of T1D during childhood. Cumulative progression to T1D was decreased in subjects with an early CMV infection (p=0.035). In further analyses, the effect of early CMV infection on the initiation of islet autoimmunity and progression to clinical T1D were examined separately. Interestingly, early CMV infection did not affect the appearance of T1D-associated autoantibodies but a decelerating effect was observed on the progression rate from islet autoimmunity to clinical T1D (p=0.015).\nOur results suggest that an early childhood CMV infection may decelerate the progression from islet autoimmunity to clinical T1D among at-risk children and may thus protect these children from progressing to T1D during childhood. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.\nAIMS/HYPOTHESIS\nMETHODS\nRESULTS\nCONCLUSION